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Giza is the third largest city in Egypt. It is located on the west bank of the Nile, some 20 km (12.43 mi) southwest of central Cairo. Along with Shubra El-Kheima, Cairo and Helwan, the four cities form the Province of Greater Cairo metropolis. The city of Giza is the capital of the Giza Governorate, and is located near the northeast border of this governorate in coordinates. It is located right on the banks of the River Nile. The city's population was 2,681,863 in the 2006 national census, while the governorate had 6,272,571 at the same census. Its large population made it the world's second largest suburb in 2006, tied with Incheon, South Korea and Quezon City, Philippines, second only to Yokohama, Japan.

Giza is most famous as the location of the Giza Plateau: the site of some of the most impressive ancient monuments in the world, including a complex of ancient Egyptian royal mortuary and sacred structures, including the Great Sphinx, the Great Pyramid of Giza, and a number of other large pyramids and temples. The plateau and its monuments have been recorded in the Giza Plateau Mapping Project run by Ancient Egypt Research Associates, directed by Dr. Mark Lehner. AERA's 2009 field season was recorded in a blog.

Giza Governorate:

It is in the center of the country, situated on the west bank of the Nile River opposite Cairo. Its capital is the city of Giza. It includes a stretch of the left bank of the Nile Valley around Giza, and acquired a large stretch of desert, including Bahariya Oasis when the 6th of October Governorate was merged into it on 14 April 2011. The Giza Governorate is also home to the Great Sphinx and the Pyramids of Giza.

History of Giza:

Mn Nefer" (Memphis, in Greek) - which means "the beautiful wall" in the ancient Egyptian language -, the capital city of the first unified Egyptian state since the days of Pharaoh King Narmer, lies nearly 20 km (12.43 mi) south of Giza. Giza's most famous archaeological site, the Giza Plateau, holds some of the most astonishing monuments in Egyptian history. Once thriving with the Nile that flowed right into the Giza Plateau, the pyramids of Giza were built overlooking the ancient Egyptian capital city of Memphis, which was near modern day Cairo.

The Giza Plateau is also home to many other ancient Egyptian monuments, including the tomb of Pharaoh Djet of the First Dynasty, as well as that of Pharaoh Ninetjer of the Second Dynasty.
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List of the Most Famous Pyramids at Giza & Around:

Over a course of almost 1,500 years, 118 pyramids were constructed by 20,000 to 30,000 Egyptian workers,[1][2] in the service of the Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt.[3] This list presents the vital statistics of the pyramids listed in chronological order, when available.


Pharaoh Ancient Name Dynasty Site Base length x Height (m) Volume (cu.m) Inclination Notes Image
Djoser Ancient name unknown Step Pyramid 3rd (c. 2686 – 2613 BC) Saqqara 121w.x109d.x60h. 330,400 Pyramid complex includes enclosure wall more than a mile long 10.5 meters high. The complex covers 37 acres (150,000 m2) and there are 3.5 miles (5.6 km) of underground tunnels.
Sekhemkhet Ancient name unknown “Buried Pyramid” 3rd Saqqara 120sq.x7h. 33,600 (unfinished) Rediscovered in 1951 by Zakaria Goneim. The sarcophagus held inside, though sealed and intact, was empty.
Sanakht aka Nebka(?) 3rd Zawyet el'Aryan 200sq.x?h. (unfinished) Rediscovered in 1951 by Zakaria Goneim. The sarcophagus held inside, though sealed and intact, was empty.
Sanakht aka Nebka (?) 3rd Zawyet el'Aryan 200sq.x?h. (unfinished)
Khaba is thought to be the owner of this pyramid but this is disputed. ancient name is unknown “Layer Pyramid” 3rd Zawyet el'Aryan 84sq.x20h. 47,040 (unfinished)
Sneferu Pyramid of Meidum 4th (c. 2613 – 2498 BC) Meidum 144sq.x92h. 638,733 51° 50' 35" Pyramid complex includes a satellite pyramid
Sneferu Bent Pyramid 4th Dahshur 188sq.x105h. 1,237,040 54° 50' 35" /43° 22' Pyramid complex includes a satellite pyramid
Sneferu Red Pyramid 4th Dahshur 220sq.x105h. 1,694,000 43° 22' First true pyramid
Khufu The Great Pyramid of Giza (Khufu's Horizon) 4th Giza 230.3sq.x146.6h. 2,583,283 51° 50' 40" Pyramid complex includes a satellite pyramid and 3 queen's pyramids.
Djedefre Pyramid of Djedefre 4th Abu Rawash 106.2sq.x~68h.[4] 131,043 ~52°[4] Pyramid complex included a satellite pyramid.
Khafra Khafre's Pyramid 4th Giza 215.25sq.x143.5h. 2,211,096 53°10' Pyramid complex includes a satellite pyramid.
Menkaure Menkaure's Pyramid 4th Giza 103.4sq.x65.5h. 235,183 51°20′25 Pyramid complex includes 3 queens pyramids.
Shepseskaf Ancient name unknown Mastabet el-Fara'un 4th South Saqqara 99.6w.x74.4d.x18h. 148,271 70° Not a pyramid, but a giant mastaba
Khentkaus I 4th Giza 45.5w.x45.8d.x17.5h. 6,372(upper) 74° Stepped Tomb
Userkaf The pure sites of Userkaf 5th(c. 2498 – 2345 BC) Saqqara 73.3sq.x49h. 87,906 53°7'48" Pyramid complex includes a satellite pyramid.
Sahure The Rising of the Ba Spirit of Sahure 5th Abusir 78.75sq.x47h. 96,542 50°11'40" Pyramid complex includes a satellite pyramid.
Neferirkare The Ba of Neferirkare 5th Abusir 105sq.x54h. 257,250 54°30' Originally built a stepped pyramid
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